Mortality

Infantile death rate is decreasing, from 26.9‰ in 1990 to 15‰ in 2000, due to increasing access to family planning services, that having positive consequences on the health condition of mothers and children. However, there are still significant differences between regions: the North-East region measures the highest value of the infant mortality rate (17.2‰), Botosani being Romania's county with the highest value of this rate (20.2‰), while the North-West region has the lowest rate (13.5‰), due to the high level of urbanization, involving more accessible medical and child care services. Romania's lowest level of the infant mortality rate is registered in Bucharest (9.4‰). (Source: National Institute of Statistics, Romanian Statistical Yearbook 2006)
In comparison with other European countries, the infant mortality rate continues to measure very high values in Romania. For example, in Western Europe the overage value is 4‰, in Northern Europe is 5‰ and in Eastern Europe is 10‰. (Source: Population Reference Bureau).

Regarding, the mortality rate in the population segment 0 - 19 years, a continuously descending tendency characterised the last years (2000-1005), due to a more facile access to medical services.

At 30 June 2006, 1,184 HIV-affected children and 2,199 children with AIDS were registered in the evidences of the General Departments for Social Work and Child Protection. Also, at the same date, the evidences of the Institute for Infectious Diseases "Matei Bals" reflected that the highest incidence of the AIDS diagnosing is found in the population segments 5-9 years (3,002 cases, out of which 58.4% are boys) and 1-4 years (2,399 cases, out of which 59.7% are boys).